Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Practice Works Cited Page
When you've identified your five sources for this assignment, please post a practice works cited page here as a comment. By Monday, I would also like you to post a summary of one source. Remember to summarize the main claim or conclusion of the source, describe its methodology, discuss the evidence the study uses to support its claims, and comment on the significance of this particular study.
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Works Cited
ReplyDeleteCheng, An-Lin. "Impact of an Integrated Service System on Client Outcomes by Gender in a National Sample of a Mentally III Homeless Population." Gender Medicine 5.4 (2008): 395-404. Print.
O'Connel, James J. "Dying in the Shadows: the Challenge of Providing Health Care for Homeless People." Canadian Medical Association Journal 13 (2004). Print.
Wenzel, Suzanne L. "Antecedents of Physical and Sexual Victimization Among Homeless Women: A Comparison to Homeless Men1." American Journal of Community Psychology 28.3 (2000): 367-89. Print.
Wenzel, Suzanne L. "Drug and Alcohol Dependence." Science Direct (2009): 17-21. El Sevier. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. .
Wesley, Jennifer K. University of Denver Penrose. London: Routledge. Print.
I am working on including the database information.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteBarrow, Susan., and Nicole D. Laborde. “Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women Separated from Their Children.” Gender Issues 25 (2008): 157-172. Gender Studies. Web. 29 Mar. 2010.
Roschelle, A.R. “Welfare Indignities: Homeless, Women, Domestic Violence, and Welfare Reform in San Francisco.” Gender Issues 25 (2008): 193-209. Gender Studies. Web. 30 Mar. 2010.
Fonfield-Ayinla, Gladys. “Commentary: A Consumer Perspective on Parenting While Homeless.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Vol. 79 No.3 (2009): 299-300. PsycARTICLES. Web. 30 Mar. 2010.
Paquette, Kristen., and Ellen L. Bassuk. “Parenting and Homelessness: Overview and Introduction to the Special Section.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Vol. 79 No.3 (2009): 292-298. PsycARTICLES. Web. 30 Mar. 2010.
Williams, Julie K., and James A. Hall. “Stress and Traumatic Stress: How Do Past Events Influence Current Traumatic Stress among Mothers Experiencing Homelessness?” Social Work Research Vol. 33 No. 4 (2009): 199-207. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Mar. 2010.
Marra, Jaime V., et al. “Effects of Social Support and Conflict on Parenting Among Homeless Mothers.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Vol. 79 No. 3 (2009): 348-356. PsycARICLES. Web. 30 Mar. 2010.
I am caught between two related, but distinct, focuses of research.
ReplyDeleteI started planning to answer questions about treasured possessions, like which possessions are collected/stored; why are they treasured over other items; how do these possessions—tied to identity, memory and fantasy— impact the women in material and immaterial ways; and, what policies should be instituted or challenged based on the results of this research.
The research process has changed my focus. It may be more valuable and concrete to understand homeless women as consumers and, consequently, understand how best to support them. This research might answer which products are necessary for a woman's survival and identity how they collect/store and use those products; which products are more or less stressful on women to physically and economically obtain them; what should and should not be provided for homeless women by shelters/aid.
I might use my initial focus research to inform the question of need in my second focus (because I'm interested in both). Here is some of the research on this mixed focus:
Works Cited
Belk, Russell W. “Possessions and the Extended Self..” Journal of Consumer Research 15.2 (1988): 139-168. Web.
Boydell, Katherine M., Paula Goering, and Tammy L. Morrell-Bellai. “Narratives of Identity: Re-presentation of Self in People Who Are Homeless.” Qual Health Res 10.1 (2000): 26-38. Web.
Hill, R. P. “Surviving in a material world: Evidence from ethnographic consumer research on people in poverty.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30.4 (2001): 364. Print.
Hill, R. P, and M. Stamey. “The homeless in America: An examination of possessions and consumption behaviors.” Journal of Consumer Research 17.3 (1990): 303. Print.
Hill, R. P, and D. L Stephens. “Impoverished consumers and consumer behavior: The case of AFDC mothers.” Journal of Macromarketing 17 (1997): 32–48. Print.
Hill, Ronald Paul. “Homeless Women, Special Possessions, and the Meaning of "Home": An Ethnographic Case Study.” The Journal of Consumer Research 18.3 (1991): 298-310. Print.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteHawkins, Robert L. “Fickle Families and the Kindness of Strangers: Social Capital in the Lives of Low-Income Single Mothers.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 20.1 (2010): 38-55. Gender Studies. Web. 30 March. 2010
Kisor, Anne J., & Kendal-Wilson, Lynne. “ Older Homeless Women: Reframing the Stereotype of the Bag Lady.” Affilia. 17.3 (2002): 354-370. Gender Studies. Web. 30 March. 2010
Lee, Barrett A., & Farrell, Chad R. “Buddy, Can you Spare A Dime?: Homelessness, Panhandling, and the Public.” Urban Affairs Review 38.3 (2003): 299-324. SocINDEX. Web. 31 March. 2010
Link, B. G., Schwartz, S., Moore, R., Phelan, J., Elmer S., Stueve, A., & Colten, M. E. “Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Homeless People: Evidence for Compassion Fatigue?” American Journal of Community Psychology 23.4 (1995): 533-555. SocINDEX. Web. 31 March. 2010
Richards, Tara N., Garland, Tammy S., Bumphus, Vic W., & Thompson, Roger. “Personal and Political?: Exploring the Feminization of the American Homeless Population.” Journal of Poverty 14.1 (2010):97-115. Gender Studies. Web. 30 March. 2010
Toro, Paul A., & McDonell, Dennis M. “Beliefs, Attitudes, and Knowledge About Homelessness: A Survey of the General Public.” American Journal of Community Psychology 20.1 (1996): 53-80.SocINDEX. Web. 31 March 2010
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ReplyDeleteHill, R. P. “Surviving in a material world: Evidence from ethnographic consumer research on people in poverty.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30.4 (2001): 364. Print.
ReplyDeleteSource Summary
"Surviving in a Material World: Evidence from Ethnographic Consumer Research on People in Poverty" is an important study. Hill's methodology and delivery themselves are significant to his focus and claim. He reframes a decade of consumer research—interviews, field notes, participant and non-participant research—into six responsible representations of impoverished consumers. The six pieces of creative non-fiction provide research and context to a readership larger than traditional, language-specific research.
The composites are evidence to 5 themes of a chronic lack of material:
1. Helplessly falling into greater poverty. Zoë and her family slip into homelessness after her stability changes, losing autonomy and cherished possessions.
2. Hitting bottom with no place left to bounce. Jack wakes in his car; he pulls out the paper slip his mother gave him: men's shelter.
3. Finding the resolve to fight a deviant label. Jack is not like the men in the shelter and Mary decides to practice her heritage. Jack and Mary—most relevant to my research—reclaim themselves and prepare to engage society.
4. Community support to the rescue. Anita returns to church and Mary revitalizes her Aboriginal culture, restoring dignity through community engagement.
5. Tenuous present vs. Uncertain future. Jack's reclaimed identity and Mary's refurnished heritage may do little for their prosperity; the bind of their inherited material lives is strict.
Hill’s methodology, claim, and delivery aim themselves at the view of poverty by the ruling class—stripping poverty of otherness with authentic, personable composites—and develop a neglected field of consumer research: the struggle of consumers who are often unable to meet their basic material needs.
Farrell, Daniel C. "The Paradox of Chronic Homelessness: The Conscious Desire to Leave Homelessness and the Unconscious Familiarity of the Street Life." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 20.2 (2010). EBSCOhost. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
ReplyDelete"The Paradox of Chronic Homelessness: The Conscious Desire to Leave Homelessness and the Unconscious Familiarity of the Street Life" describes the inverse relationship between the increasing familiarity of the homeless with their chaotic life on the streets, and the likelihood that they will ever escape it. It explains that the chronically homeless (defined as those who have been homeless for more than a year) cement their ties with life on the streets and become increasingly disconnected from a structured lifestyle that is present in an apartment or the structured lifestyle of holding a job, and the odds that they will ever leave the streets become are significant decreased as their attachment to their environment is deepened. In short, the article concludes an inverse relationship in the amount of time an individual is homeless, and the chances that they will ever again see life off the streets. For the chronically homeless, as their years of life on the streets increase, their relationship to their environment manifests itself into a deeper attachment, and the initial causes for their homelessness - substance abuse, mental or physical illness, or lack of employability - become secondary in nature.
Hartnett, Helen P., and Judy L. Postmus. "The Function of Shelters for Women: Assistance or Social Control?" The Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 20.2 (2010): 289-302. EBSCOhost. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
Nooe, Roger M., and David A. Patterson. "The Ecology of Homelessness." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 20.2 (2010): 105-52. EBSCOhost. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
Kertesz, Stefan G., and Saul J. Weiner. "Housing the Chronically Homeless." JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 301.17 (2009): 1822-24. EBSCOhost. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
Metraux, Stephen, and Dennis P. Culhane. "Family Dynamics, Housing, and Recurring Homelessness Among Women in New York City Homeless Shelters." Journal of Family Issues 20.3 (1999): 371-96. EBSCOhost. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteDietz Ph.D, Tracy L., and James D. Wrigh Ph.D. "Age and Gender Differences." Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 17.1 (2005): 37-60. Web. 31 March 2010.
Huey, Laura, and Marianne LastQuirouette. "Any Girl Can Call the Cops, No Problem: The Influence of Gender on Support for the Decision to Report Criminal Victimization within Homeless Communities ." British Journal of Criminology 50.2 (2009): 278-295. Web. 31 March 2010.
Wenzel, Suzanne L., Barbara D. Leake, and Lillian Gellberg. "Risk Factors for Major Violence Among Homeless Women." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 16.8 (2001): 739-752. Web. 31 March 2010.
Wenzel, Suzanne L., Paul Koegel, and Lillian Gellberg. "Antecedents of Physical and Sexual Victimization Among Homeless Women: A Comparison to Homeless Men." American Journal of Community Psychology 28.3 (2000): 376-390. Web. 31 March 2010.
Wesely, Jennifer K., and James D. Wright. "From the Inside Out: Efforts by Homeless Women to Disrupt Cycles of Crime and Violence." Women & Criminal Justice 19.3 (2009): 217-234. Web. 31 March 2010.
In "Risk Factors for Major Violence Among Homeless Women" Wenzel, Leake, and Gelberg based their study on the violence that homeless women face in day to day interactions because very little research is done on the subject and they believe that the issue is of great importance for public health and the overall crime problem in the United States. The researchers used self-report data from 974 homeless women in Los Angeles County, California to record infomation on the details of homelessness and its correlation to major violence. In this case "major violence" is referring to being bitten, hit, beaten up, choked, burned, threatened, or harmed with a weapon. This study provides an important insight into the problem of homelessness and its positive correlation to violent crime in cities. This is an issue that requires attention from multiple sectors of civil service in order to find a suitable solution.
Barrow, Susan M., and Nicole D. Laborde. “Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women Separated from their Children.” Gender Issues 25 (2008): 157-172. Gender Studies. Web. 29 Mar. 2010.
ReplyDeleteCosgrove, Lisa, and Cheryl Flynn. “Marginalized Mothers: Parenting Without a Home” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5.1 (2005): 127-143. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Frisman , Linda K., Julian Ford , Jaime V. Marra, Hsiu-Ju Lin, Jaime V. Marra, Elissa McCarthy and Eleni Rodis. “Effects of Social Support and Conflict on Parenting Among
Homeless Mothers” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 79.3 (2009): 348–356. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Goldberg, Robert, Jennifer Perloff, and Linda Weinreb. “Health Characteristics and Medical Service Use Patterns of Sheltered Homeless and Low-Income Housed Mothers.” J Gen Intern Med 13 (1998): 389-397. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Rademeyer, Alison, Victoria Tischler, and Panos Vostanis. “Mothers Experiencing Homelessness: Mental Health, Support and Social Care Needs.” Health and Social Care in the Community 15.3 (2007):246–253. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
The study “Health Characteristics and Medical Service Use Patterns of Sheltered Homeless and Low-Income Housed Mothers” surveyed in interview sessions 220 homeless mothers and 216 mothers living in low income housing and examines their health. The study claims that these women develop higher health risks because of the extra burden put on by having to take care of children. This claim is supported by the evidence found in the interviews. For example, 43.7% of the homeless women had some sort of chronic condition like asthma or anemia. The study also looked at the women’s lifestyles, finding evidence that, for example, 41.1% of the women had a dependence on alcohol or drugs, or that only 42.8% of them were high school graduates or had obtained their GEDs. This source will be significant to my research because it highlights some the extra problems affiliated with being a homeless mother, so that we can then evaluate from what other angles the public assistance field needs to look at to help them.
Here's the first part of Nicole's summary:
ReplyDeleteEffects of Social Support and Conflict on Parenting among Homeless Mothers Summary
There has been increased numbers of homeless families since the 1980’s. The approximate number of homeless families since then has ranged from 38 to 50% of the population with 1.35 of this range including families with children. Recently it has been found by the Department of Housing and Urban Development that 30 to 37% of the homeless population is families. Many families need housing and some kind of support system. Usually the families looking for shelter consist of a single young mother with two or three children. Mothers who are homeless face a struggle that is not easy to overcome. There are times when a mother lacks the social support needed to overcome the cycle of homelessness. The stress on homeless mothers can negatively impact the parenting style to affect the child’s psychological and physical behaviors. Although if a mother receives help from a social support group focusing on emotional, instrumental, financial, and transportation, the help the mother is receiving can serve as a barrier for the negative effects of stress on the child.
In the study of Jaime V. Marra et al. the researchers took data from a larger study completed by Connecticut Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services. The study narrowed down to focus on women who are homeless, “doubled-up,” or in a medical program of some sort. The research was conducted face to face with the women in semi structured interviews mainly measuring social support, conflict and parenting. The study consisted of 234 women who were all referred to the staff from 12 programs statewide. Mothers, who participated, had to meet the criteria for homelessness by living in shelter, outside, or “doubling up,” along with having legal custody of their children; all the participants also reported having substance abuse or in a case management for substance abuse. The average age of the women was 31.4 years with an average of having 2.5 children. Race was documented in this study with 24.8% of the women were White, 29.1% Hispanic, and 44.9% of the women were Black. Of the women in this study 66.7% were never married and 49.6% had not graduated from high school, also reporting a number of arrests and homelessness prior to the study. The participants endured several tests to measure mental health along with addiction. The women were assessed using the Global Severity Index from Brief Symptom Inventory and the Addiction Severity Index.
Here's the second part of Nicole's summary:
ReplyDeleteThe area of interest in this study was the emotional and instrumental support the women were receiving and parenting measures. When assessing the support systems of the women the researchers asked the women to name a spouse or person of significance in four categories: friends, family, program staff, and others who they could count on in times of the three situations presented to them. Along with the women noting the names of those they could rely on the women also had to indicate if the person was a source of conflict within the past 30 days. When assessing the parenting measure the women were asked to file a self report measure adapted from the 34 Parenting Practices scale.
Indicating the numbers of times they gave warmth, discipline, or harsh discipline.
To test the significance of background measures to social support a series of zero correlation, t tests and X squared tests were conducted. Two variables were found to be significantly positively related to social support, being Hispanic and have a high school diploma or GED equivalent participants seem to be able to obtain more social support than most homeless mothers. Also discovered, was the fact that women who reported high scores on the instrumental social support aspect were more likely to improve parenting. Mothers who had very moderate amounts of social support usually ended up with outcomes of harsh discipline for the children.
This study had a few limits which included the self reports of parenting measures and social support networks. There is no way to tell if the women reported accurately their parenting measures or the limitations of their social support. Also the sample of women studied happens to be a convenience sample of women who were enrolled in some type of case management program. The study also consisted primarily of women of color who are underserved and who usually participate in studies regarding women and mothers who are homeless.
Results indicated that women who have a social support may have consistent disciplinary actions for their children and other positive parenting acts. The suggestion made is to start developing enhanced social support for those mothers who are homeless by social interventions. However, it is noted in the study that the extent of social support enhancement with conflict management and parenting practices is questioned and warrants future research.
works cited
ReplyDeleteHoyt, Dan R., Kimberly A. Tyler, Kurt D. Johnson, Les B. Whitbeck, and Xiaojin Chen. "Mental Disorder, Subsistence Strategies, and Victimization Among, Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Homeless Runaway Adolescents." The Journal of Sex Research 41.4 (2004): 329-42. SocIndex. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Loates, Mandy, and Christine A. Walsh. "Women Negotiating Sexual Identity in the Face of Homelessness: from Silence to Satisfaction." Culture, Health & Sexuality 12.1 (2009): 87-101. Gender Studies. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Prendergast, Shirley, Gillian A. Dunne, and David Telford. "A Story of "difference," A Different Story; Young Homeless Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 21 (2001): 64-90. Gender Studies. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Tyler, Kimberly A. "A Comparison of Risk Factors for Sexual Victimization Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Homeless Young Adults." Violence and Victims 23.5 (2008): 586-602. SocIndex. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Van Leeuwen, James M., Susan Boyle, Stacy Salomensen-Sautel, D. Nico Baker, J.T. Garcia, Allison Hoffman, and Christian J. Hopfer. "Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Homeless Youth: An Eight-City Public Health Perspective." Child Welfare 85.2 (2006): 151-70. Gender Studies. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
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ReplyDelete“Mental Disorders, Subsistence Strategies, and Victimization Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Homeless and Runaway Adolescents” is a study that compares the risks taken and the abuse endured by heterosexual homeless individuals and their gay’ lesbian, and bisexual counterparts. Whitbeck, Chen, Hoyt, tyler and Johnson, through their statistical research, found that the GLB homeless youth of four midwestern states were more likely to be abused, engage in risky survival strategies, more likely to be victimized on the streets, and more likely to have a mental disorder than heterosexual homeless youth. This study’s used specially trained street interviewers to retrieve their data from homeless youth in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri, and to later form their claims from their statistical data. This study allows for the comparison of circumstance between the heterosexual and homosexual homeless population.
ReplyDeleteKisor, Anne J., & Kendal-Wilson, Lynne. “ Older Homeless Women: Reframing the Stereotype of the Bag Lady.” Affilia. 17.3 (2002): 354-370. Gender Studies. Web. 30 March. 2010Kisor, Anne J., & Kendal-Wilson, Lynne. “ Older Homeless Women: Reframing the Stereotype of the Bag Lady.” Affilia. 17.3 (2002): 354-370. Gender Studies. Web. 30 March. 2010
ReplyDeleteAs the title suggests, in “Older Homeless Women: Reframing the Stereotype of the Bag Lady,” Anne J. Kisor and Lynne Kendal-Wilson compare and contrast the stereotype of a bag lady with the realities of older homeless woman in order to fix the inaccurate image the public holds of these women. Although many people believe that older homeless women are financially inadequate because they are substance abusers, mentally ill, or incompetent, the actual causes are age, low income, and family disputes. In fact, the only stereotype that proved to be correct was that many suffer from mental illness. As a result of age, many can no longer work, but they outlive pensions and savings. This study was performed by analyzing another study. 223 case records from 13 sites in Virginia from 1996 to 1999 were examined. The research is more qualitative as statistics were taken. This study emphasizes the concept of “framing” when dealing with approaching the homeless situation. It claims that “frames provide the lens through which one views a problem” (357). Essentially, the reason the problem of elderly homeless women is still so big is because the public sees the situation through an incorrect frame. This theory is very strong with the evidence from the study. If the problem is reframed, then the public will be able to deal with it more appropriately.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteBarrow, Susan M., and Nicole D. Laborde. "Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women Separated from Their Children." Gender Issues 25.3 (2008): 157-172. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Apr. 2010.
Lindsey, Elizabeth W. "The Impact of Homelessness and Shelter Life on Family Relationships." Family Relations 47.3 (1998): 243-252. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Apr. 2010.
Tischler, Victoria, Alison Rademeyer, and Panos Vostanis. "Mothers experiencing homelessness: mental health, support and social care needs." Health & Social Care in the Community 15.3 (2007): 246-253. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Apr. 2010.
Tischler, Victoria, Vicki Edwards and Panos Vostanis. "Working therapeutically with mothers who experience the trauma of homelessness: An opportunity for growth." Counselling & Psychotherapy Research 9.1 (2009): 42-46. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Apr. 2010.
Zlotnick, Cheryl, Marjorie J. Robertson, and Tammy Tam. "Substance use and separation of homeless mothers from their children." Addictive Behaviors 28.8 (2003): 1373. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 Apr. 2010.
Summary: Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women Separated from Their Children.
ReplyDeleteThis study focused on homeless women who were staying in single womens homeless shelters with their minor children living elsewhere. The study was carried out in the New York City shelter system with participants from 20 mothers from two different shelter programs. One of these shelters was for women with severe psychiatric disorders, the other was for women with drug and alcohol problems. In order to learn more about these mother-child separations and whether or how the mothers remain
involved with their children, in depth, semi structured interviews were conducted with the 20 women as well as 10 kin caregivers and 17 case workers. After gaining general information from these interviews, more in-depth interviews from two women, “Donna” and “Cherise,” provided further information on the difficulties these women have in maintaining relationships with their children. It was observed that the children presented motivation for these women to address their drug or mental health problems. The women had difficulties arranging care for their displaced children, keeping regular visitation schedules, keeping with the rules and regulations of their treatment programs, and finding housing “adequate” enough to reunite their families. The different program requirements were often in conflict with one another. Women frequently found themselves caught between the demands of child welfare workers, foster care staff, family court judges, shelter case managers,and treatment staff.
“While women were preoccupied with the welfare of their children, treatment programs urged them to focus on themselves first, and penalized those who choose visitation over attending therapy groups; while women sought regular contact with their children, foster care workers arranged and changed visitation schedules to fit staff and foster family convenience but found it cumbersome to keep in touch with mothers in shelters; while women sought hard to find family housing, shelter programs offered referrals to supportive housing for single adults that could not accommodate children, and child welfare policies set deadlines and standards for appropriate housing that put mothers at risk of losing parental rights.”
This study concludes that on a service level, there are several ways existing shelters could be more supportive for women who are parents. As stated above, one of the largest problems these women face is trying to comply with the conflicting agendas and policies of larger institutional systems. These issues need to be addressed at a high level in order to minimize the conflicting demands on mothers through cross-agency collaboration. If the women have any chance of reuniting their families, these agencies need to ensure separated mothers have access to parenting supports and housing for families. Also, the staff of these institutions need to be trained on custody, child welfare and family housing issues so that they can provide more information to the women about legal, housing, and child care resources.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteBarrow, Susan, and Nicole Laborde. "Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women." Gend. Issues 25. (2008): 157–72. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Mar 2010.
Cosgrove, Lisa, and Cheryl Flynn. "Marginalized Mothers: Parenting Without a Home." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5.1 (2005): 127-43. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Mar 2010.
Marra, Jaime. "Effects of Social Support and Conflict on Parenting Among." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 79. (2009): 1-9. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar 2010.
Tischler, Victoria, Alison Rademeyer, and Panos Vostanis. "Mothers Experiencing Homelessness: Mental Health, Support and Social Care Needs." Health and Social Care in the Community 15.3 (2007): 246-53. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar 2010.
Tischler, Victoria, Vicki Edwards, and Panos Vostanis. "Working Therapeutically With Mothers Who Experience the Trauma of Homelessness: An Opportunity for Growth." Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 9.1 (2009): 042-46. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar 2010.
In the journal article “Invisible Mothers: Parenting by Homeless Women Separated from Their Children,” Barrow and Laborde research the issue of how homeless women, if separated from their children, remain involved in their lives and how these circumstances came to be. They also look at the mothers’ parenting goals and aspirations as well They analyze the data from their research, which included in-depth interviews with the mothers, relatives caring for their children, as well as shelter and child welfare staff. With their study, they “consider how service systems might mitigate barriers to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.” They observe, through multiple interactions with women who have lived with their children and had them taken away, that family separations are better seen as transitory states than enduring traits. Separations called into question their claim on motherhood, while homelessness isolated them from family and community supports and strained mother-child bonds. This study is important because its findings will help support, instead of just recognize, the parenting needs and aspirations by homeless women. It can allow for more shelters to support mothers with their children, rather than separating them.
Summary 1: “Young People, Drug Use, and Family Conflict: Pathways into Homelessness”
ReplyDeleteThis article attempted to explain the relationship between drug use and family conflict among homeless youth. The study examined young people who experienced homelessness in Australia and in other western countries such as the United States, Canada, and England. Of the 302 young people interviewed, all identified their pathway into homelessness as pertaining to one of four possible situations. The majority of participants identified their homelessness as a consequence of their own personal drug or alcohol use. The participants of this group described their drug and alcohol use as a recreational and social act that fueled rebellion against their parents. This rebellion—often including loss of interest in school and criminal involvement—increased family conflict and resulted in the young person having to leave home. In the second pathway to homelessness, family conflict preceded the young person’s drug use and homelessness. Two thirds of this group acknowledged a history in familial breakdown and increased feelings of resentment about their parent’s separation or divorce. Family conflict based on disagreement with step-parents and differing expectations acted as a stronger aid to homelessness than personal drug use. The third pathway emphasizes family conflict that led to homelessness and later drug use. This group identified themselves as unable to get along with their parents, either because of trivial domestic matters or large conflict events such as pregnancy or stealing. The final group reported a family member’s drug and alcohol abuse as the primary reason for family conflict and leaving home. These complex familial environments often led to multiple forms of abuse, another contributing factor for fleeing from the home. In conclusion, while drug use remained a rather small contribution to homelessness—with only one-fifth of participants who identified drug and alcohol use as central to their journey into homelessness—family conflict due familial breakdown involving divorce remains the driving factor in the reason for homelessness among youth.
Works Cited
Jackson-Wilson, Anita and Borgers, Sherry. “Disaffiliation Revisited: A comparison of homeless and nonhomeless women’s perceptions of family of origin and social supports.” Sex Roles 28.7/8(1993): 361-377. SocINDEX. Web. 26 Mar. 2010.
Lavesser, Patricia D., Smith, Elizabeth M., and Bradford, Susan. “Characteristics of Homeless Women
With Dependent Children.” Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community 15.2(1997): 36-52. SocINDEX. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
Mellett, Shelly, Rosenthal, Doreen and Keys, Deborah. “Young People, Drug Use, and Family Conflict: Pathways into homelessness.” Journal of Adolescence 28.2 (2005): 185-199. SocINDEX. Web. 26
Mar. 2010.
Ryan, Kimberly D., Kilmer, Ryan P., Cauce, Ana Mari and Watanabe, Haruko, Hoyt, Danny R.“Psychological Consequences of Child Maltreatment in Homeless Adolescence: Untangling the unique effects of maltreatment and family environment.” Child Abuse and Neglect 24.3(2000): 333-352. SocINDEX. Web. 26 Mar. 2010.
Thrane, Lisa E., Hoyt, Danny R., Whitbeck, Lisa B., and Yoder, Kevin K. “Impact of Family Abuse on Running Away, Deviance, and Street Victimization among Homeless Rural and Urban Youth.”Child Abuse and Neglect 30 (2006): 1117-1128. SocINDEX. Web. 26 Mar. 2010.
Works Cited
ReplyDeleteDe Grazia, Raffaele. "Clandestine Empolyment: A Problem of Our Times." The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad. Ed. Tanzi, Vito. Lexington: D.C. Health and Company, 1982. 29-44. Print.
Gowan, Teresa. "New Hobos or Neo-Romantic Fantasy? Urban Ethnography beyond the Neoliberal Disconnect." Qual Sociol 17.6 (2009): 231-257. Web. 31 Mar. 2010
Gwandz, Marya Viarst, et al. "The initiation of homeless youth into the street economy." Journal of Adolescence (2009): 357-377. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
McInnis-Dittrich, Kathleen. "Women of the Shadows: Appalachian Women's participation in the Informal economy." Affilia Winter (1995): 398-412. Econlit. Web. 31 Mar. 2010
Rieger, April. "Missing the mark: Why the trafficking victims protection act fails to protect sex trafficking victims in the United States." Havard Jounral of Law & Gender Winter (2007): 231-256. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2010.
Simons, Ronald L. and Les B. Whitbeck. "Sexual Abuse as a Precursor to Prostitution and Victimization among adolescent and adult homelessness women." Journal of Family Issues 9 (1991): 361-379. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31. Mar. 2010
Tanzi, Vito. "A Second (and More Skeptical) Look at the Underground Economy in the United States." The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad. Ed. Tanzi, Vito. Lexington: D.C. Health and Company, 1982. 103-118. Print.
The ‘New Hobos’ article is interesting that a new source of informal employment for homeless persons is recycling. This article is an ethnography of about 20 homeless men living in the San Francisco area. The men make an income from the informal employment of the recycling system: collecting cans from the streets and from public or private trash and returning them to corporate recycling centers for the deposit money which is their ‘wages’. However for what the author calls “conceptions of femininity”, and the physical strength needed, and dirtiness of the job, homeless women do not seem to participate in ‘pro’ recycling. Also the author explores the effects of being a “canner” on the identity of the men.
Washington, Olivia., Moxley, David., Taylor, Jacquelyn. ”Enabling Older Homeless Minority Women to Overcome Homelessness by Using a Life Management Enhancement Group Intervention” Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30 Issue 2 (2009): 86-97. Mental Health Nursing. Print. 3 Apr. 2010.
ReplyDeleteWeil, Jeannie Haubert. “Finding Housing: Discrimination and Exploitation of Latinos in the Post-Katrina Rental Market” Vol. 22 No. 4 (2009): 491-502. Organization & Environment. Print. 3 Apr. 2010.
Nyamathi, Adeline., Vasquez, Rose. “Impact of Poverty, Homelessness, and Drugs on Hispanic Women at Risk for HIV Infection” Vol. 11 No. 4 (1989): 299-314. UCLA AIDS Nursing Network. Print. 3 Apr. 2010.
Otalvaro-Hormillosa, Sonia. “The Homeless Diaspora of Queer Asian Americans” Vol. 26 issue 3 (1999): 103-122. Social Justice. Print. 3 Apr. 2010.
Cochran, Bryan N., Stewart, Angela J., Ginzler, Joshua A, PhD., Cauce, Ana Mari, PhD. “Challenges Faced by Homeless Sexual Minorities: Comparison of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Homeless Adolescents with Their Heterosexual Counterparts” Vol. 92 No. 5 (2002): 773-775. American Journal of Public Health. Print. 5 Apr. 2010
“Comparison of White and Nonwhite Homeless Men and Women” focuses on how the difficulties compare for the lives of those who are white and nonwhite while being homeless. North and Smith clarified that out of the nine hundred people that were surveyed in the city of St. Louis, three hundred were women. Of the three hundred homeless women, eighty-four percent of the women were nonwhite (252 women), and professional interviewers of diverse backgrounds conducted interviews with these women at an average of two hours each. Questions like “where they stayed the previous night and whether they had a regular address and place to live” were asked by the interviewers to women (and men), and then were rewarded ten dollars for their participation.
ReplyDeleteFor twelve months, results were collected and a claim was made stating that there were in fact some significant differences in the nature of homelessness according to race. Issues that complicate the lives of white homeless women were described as mainly internal, meaning that the issues root from personal problems or reflect “psychopathology”. As for the issues of homeless nonwhite women, the causes of such issues were external, and it was mainly due to “socioeconomic problems”. It is interesting, that not only were most of the white homeless women on average were older than the homeless nonwhite women, but they also had more experience being homeless regardless of the fact that only sixteen percent (48 women) of the women interviewed were white. This leads to the causes of why homelessness occurs in the lives of these women; according to the research homeless nonwhite women are more likely to endure these issues that are in need of solutions to help “management of family” and “adequate sources of support for their children”. This study carries much significance for it brings about a whole new aspect of homelessness that certain individuals would have to face depending on whether they are white or nonwhite.
Harding, Rachel, and Paul Hamilton. "Working Girls: Abuse or Choice in Street- Level Sex Work? A Study of Homeless Women in Nottingham." British Journal of Social Work (2008): 1-20. Web. 5 Apr 2010. .
ReplyDeleteLee, Shawna J., and Daphna Oyserman. "Expecting to Work, Fearing Homelessness: The Possible Selves of Low-Income Mothers.." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39.6 (2009): 1334-1355. Web. 5 Apr2010. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64248/1/Expecting_to_work%2c_fearing_homelessness.pdf
O'Grady, Bill, and Stephen Gaetz. "Homelessness, Gender and Subsistence: The Case of Toronto Street Youth." Journal of Youth Studies 7.4 (2004): 397-416. Informaworld. Carfax Publishing Company. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. .
Rollins, Joan H., Renee N. Saris, and Ingrid Johnston-Robledo. "Low-Income Women Speak out About Housing: A High-Stakes Game of Musical Chairs.." Journal of Social Issues 57.2 (2001): 277-298. Web. 5 Apr 2010. .
Roschelle, Anne R. "Welfare Indignities: Homeless Women, Domestic Violence, and Welfare Reform in San Francisco ." Gender Issues 25.3 (2008): 193-209. Web. 5 Apr 2010. .